Conclusion

NHS league tables have the potential to drive improvement, increase transparency and strengthen accountability across the health service. However, their effectiveness will depend on thoughtful implementation, robust data and a nuanced communication of what the metrics do - and do not - show. To ensure league tables are fair, meaningful and can be trusted, NHS England must address known risks, support providers to improve data quality and remain responsive to feedback. With the right safeguards in place, league tables can become a valuable tool for public awareness and promoting local accountability. Without, they risk causing confusion and unintended harm.