3. Is it clear to the public what league tables do and do not show?

To minimise the risk that the public misinterprets league tables, it is essential that communications relating to league tables clearly explain what they are designed to show, and just as importantly, what they are not. Without proper context and careful framing, league tables risk presenting a partial picture and at worst, a misleading one.

The government can help to frame the data but cannot control how league table data is presented or interpreted by others. That is another reason why it is crucial that the ratings themselves are accurate and based on what matters to the public.

In the short term, there are steps the government can take to reduce the risks in 2025/26. When the public-facing dashboard is published, it should be accompanied by a clear and accessible explanation of what the data does and does not show, helping users understand the purpose and limitations of league tables.

Without this context, patients may make poorly informed decisions, and politicians or the media may direct misguided scrutiny towards trust leaders. Both outcomes could further undermine the public's trust in the NHS.